RERA: The final hope of home buyers?

While the RERA has several clauses in it that may truly protect the rights of home buyers, experts means that the success of this Act will depend entirely on how the states implement it. Here’s a look at its most powerful clauses

The Indian real estate sector has been largely unregulated except for a few states like Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi and Karnataka. Any pro-consumer development was solely a results of interpretation. This legislative vacuum has born to varied industry practices; most of which are against the interests of the consumers.

It is against this backdrop that the Parliament saw fit, to manage this sector and consequently enacted the important Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (the Act) within the Budget Session of 2016. The Act has come into effect on May 1, 2017, though most of the states are yet to notify the rules.

Key highlights of the RERA

The most positive aspect of this Act is that it provides a unified legal regime for the acquisition of flats; apartments, etc., and seeks to standardise the practice across the country. Below are certain key highlights of the Act:

Establishment of RERA: The absence of a correct regulator (like the Securities Exchange Board of India for the capital markets) within the land sector, was long felt. The Act establishes land regulatory agency (RERA) in each state and union territory.

RERA shall act because the principal regulator and its functions include protection of the interests of the stakeholders, accumulating data at a delegated repository and creating a strong grievance redressal system. This is beneficial, as before May Day , 2017, the well-liked redressal mechanism for the consumers was to approach consumer courts which wasn't only time consuming but also expensive.

To prevent time lags, RERA has been mandated to dispose applications within a maximum period of 60 days; and the same may be extended only if a reason is recorded for the delay. Further, the important Estate Appellate Authority (REAT) shall be the acceptable forum for appeals.

Compulsory registration: Every real estate project (where the total area to be developed exceeds 500 sq mtrs or more than 8 apartments is proposed to be developed in any phase), must be registered with its respective state’s RERA. Existing projects where the completion certificate (CC) or occupancy certificate (OC) has not been issued, also are required to suits the registration requirements under the Act.

While applying for registration, promoters are required to provide detailed information on the project e.g. land status, details of the promoter, approvals, schedule of completion, etc.

Only when registration is completed and other approvals (construction related) are in place, can the project be marketed, thereby, ensuring that a wide range of information on the project is already available on RERA’s website before the buyer makes a commitment to purchase a flat. The litmus test is that promoters aren't permitted to sell any properties before registration. Since marketing is prohibited, buyers won't find themselves during a situation where complete payment has been made but possession is being denied thanks to non-receipt of requisite approvals.

Reserve account: one among the first reasons for delay of projects was that funds collected from one project, would invariably be diverted to fund new, different projects. To prevent such a diversion, promoters are now required to park 70% of all project receivables into a separate reserve account.

The proceeds of such account can only be used towards land and construction expenses and can be required to be certified by an expert. This will make sure that promoters can now not use the excuse of insufficient funds to stall construction of projects.

Continual disclosures by promoters: Lack of data regarding project completion may be a common complaint amongst home buyers. After the implementation of the Act, home buyers will now be able to monitor the progress of the project on RERA’s website since promoters are going to be required to create periodic submissions to the regulator regarding the progress of the project. This is beneficial as consumers will now be aware of details of a project they're fascinated by on an ongoing basis.

Title representation: for many home buyers, it's impossible to hold out an independent due diligence to determine whether the promoter features a legitimate title (or the proper to develop). Further, promoters invariably avoid making such warranties in sale agreements to avoid liability.

To prevent such abuse, promoters are now required to form a positive warranty on his right title and interest on the land which may be used later against him by the home buyer, should any title defect be discovered. Additionally, they're required to get insurance against the title and construction of the projects, proceeds of which shall attend the allottee upon execution of the agreement of sale.

Two-third consent: Any change within the sanctioned and layout plan of the land, by the promoter, will now require the prior written approval of at-least two-thirds of the allottees and with reference to a selected apartment would require the prior approval of the concerned owner. This is highly beneficial as there are complaints within the past, that promoters have converted common areas into new towers without seeking due consent. Further, promoters aren't allowed to transfer or assign their majority rights and liabilities under the project without obtaining prior written consent from two-thirds of the allottees.

Standardisation of sale agreement and defects liability: The Act prescribes a typical model sale agreement to be entered into between promoters and homebuyers. Typically, promoters insert punitive clauses against home buyers which penalised them for any default while similar defaults by the promoter attracted negligible or no penalty. Such penal clauses could well be a thing of the past and home buyers can look forward to more balanced agreements in the future.

Penalty: to make sure that violation of the Act isn't taken lightly, stiff monetary penalty (up to 10% of the project cost) and imprisonment has been prescribed against violators.

Implementation of the RERA will determine its success or failure

The implementation of the Act will be crucial to its success. Governments must ensure that proper infrastructure is provided to RERA and REAT so that they can discharge their services effectively. The real estate sector earns huge revenue for the government, and there were concerns that the state government may under pressure, dilute the provisions in the rules. While there's evidence of certain dilutions, its survival against the test of your time are some things to attend and await. It is important to notice that a lot of states are yet to release the ultimate rules. Until these rules are eventually released, home buyers can only hope that these rules will be in the spirit of the Act.

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